
donc on peut s'attendre a ce que Virginia Berasategui suive...
Je me demande si Mitch Anderson, 11eme a Hawaii a pris sa place pour Kona a Zurich maintenant qu'il n'est plus qualifie...
Et il semblerai que BEKE produisait naturellement ces molécules en quantité importante.Haematologica. 2001 Feb;86(2):128-37.
Detection of recombinant human erythropoietin abuse in athletes utilizing markers of altered erythropoiesis.
Parisotto R, Wu M, Ashenden MJ, Emslie KR, Gore CJ, Howe C, Kazlauskas R, Sharpe K, Trout GJ, Xie M.
Department of Physiology, Australian Institute of Sport, P.O. Box 176, Belconnen ACT 2616, Australia. robin.parisotto@ausport.gov.au
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The detection of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) abuse by athletes remains problematic. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate that the five indirect markers of altered erythropoiesis identified in our earlier work were reliable evidence of current or recently discontinued r-HuEPO use. A subsidiary aim was to refine weightings of the five markers in the initial model using a much larger data set than in the pilot study. A final aim was to verify that the hematologic response to r-HuEPO did not differ between Caucasian and Asiatic subjects. DESIGN AND METHODS: Recreational athletes resident in Sydney, Australia (Sydney, n = 49; 16 women, 33 men) or Beijing, China (Beijing, n=24; 12 women, 12 men) were randomly assigned to r-HuEPO or placebo groups prior to a 25 day administration phase. Injections of r-HuEPO (or saline) were administered double-blind at a dose of 50 IU/kg three times per week, with oral iron (105 mg) or placebo supplements taken daily by all subjects. Blood profiles were monitored during and for 4 weeks after drug administration for hematocrit (Hct), reticulocyte hematocrit (RetHct), percent macrocytes (%Macro), serum erythropoietin (EPO) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfr), since we had previously shown that these five variables were indicative of r-HuEPO use. RESULTS. The changes in Hct, RetHct, %Macro, EPO and sTfr in the Sydney trial were qualitatively very similar to the changes noted in our previous administration trial involving recreational athletes of similar genetic origin. Statistical models developed from Fisher's discriminant analysis were able to categorize the user and placebo groups correctly. The same hematologic response was demonstrated in Beijing athletes also administered r-HuEPO. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This paper confirms that r-HuEPO administration causes a predictable and reproducible hematologic response. These markers are disturbed both during and for several weeks following r-HuEPO administration. This work establishes an indirect blood test which offers a useful means of detecting and deterring r-HuEPO abuse. Ethnicity did not influence the markers identified as being able to detect athletes who abuse r-HuEPO.
Med Biol Eng Comput. 2005 May;43(3):403-9.
Quantitative analysis of images in erythropoietin doping control.
Bajla I, Hollander I, Gmeiner G, Reichel Ch.
Department of High Performance Image Processing, ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH, Austria. ivan.bajla@arcs.ac.at
The software system GASepo has been developed as a tool to visualise and analyse doping (searching for performance-enhancing drugs in sports) with recombinant erythropoietin (rEpo). Digital images derived from the separation of Epo isoforms in gels by iso-electric focusing followed by double blotting and chemiluminescence detection contain spots (bands) of characteristic shape and positions. For Epo doping control, these have to be analysed and evaluated. A relevant element of the analysis is calculation of the reference cutoff-line (COL) to which the doping positivity criterion is related. Based on analysis of the previous method used, a novel method for the COL calculation was developed and validated. The methodology was based on generation of a partition of the image (lane) being processed into a system of adjacent subimages (blocks) and quantitative characterisation of intensity variability within these blocks by a suitably defined measure. The coordinate of the proper COL position, separating the image part with recombinant Epo bands from the homogeneous background, was calculated by minimisation of the difference function of the measures for two adjacent image blocks. The proposed method was tested on real Epo images and validated on a synthetic phantom of the Epo image. The deviations of the COL position are limited by a 7 pixel-wide corridor. For the cases of noise with standard deviations 2300 and 2600, the deviations did not exceed 2 pixels over the whole range of the lane width values. Testing the method on 50 real Epo images originating from different doping-control laboratories worldwide showed its robust behaviour in Epo images.
disons que 50% des experts scientifiques sur le sujet confirment ses preuves...pgb51 a écrit :Alors pour avoir entendu quelques échos de cette histoire par des sources "bien informées", cette histoire est apparemment très complexe. Je n'en écrirais pas plus, non pas par rétention d'infos, mais simplement parce que je n'ai pas trop de précisions et que je ne veux pas écrire des bêtises. Mais le dossier de Beke est semble-t-il assez béton et solide. La mise hors cause de Beke semblerait (j'utilise le conditionnel) assez justifiée.
Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Aug;358(1-2):119-30.
New urinary EPO drug testing method using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
Khan A, Grinyer J, Truong ST, Breen EJ, Packer NH.
Proteome Systems Ltd., 1/35-41 Waterloo Road, North Ryde NSW 2113 Australia.
We present a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) method for the detection of the drug, recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in urine and its separation from endogenous erythropoietin (HuEPO). This method involves a one-step acetonitrile precipitation of the proteins in urine, addition of an internal standard, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE), a single Western blot and chemiluminescent immunodetection. RESULTS: The 2DE method separates HuEPO and rHuEPO isoforms by both iso-electric point and molecular mass. We have identified several urinary proteins with which the monoclonal EPO antibody used in the current test has non-specific binding. The iso-electric points of these cross-reactive proteins overlap with HuEPO and rHuEPO however, they separate distinctly by the 2DE method. Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (HSGP) was identified by peptide mass fingerprinting as one of the urinary cross-reacting proteins, and commercially available purified HSGP was chosen to be added into urine samples as an internal standard prior to separation. Software (EpIQ) was specifically developed that applies four separate criteria to the detection of the migration of rHuEPO and HuEPO relative to the internal standard. CONCLUSION: The combination of sample preparation, two-dimensional separation, internal standard, standardized blotting procedures and image analysis software enables the 2DE test for rHuEPO in urine to be performed reproducibly and accurately.
D'où l'intéret de très vite finaliser et commercialiser les nouveaux tests publiés depuis mai 2005 (cf post plus hauts)...Fironman a écrit :[...]
Si l'AMA blanchit Beke, elle se retrouvera avec un tas de procès sur le dos émanant de ceux qui ont été condamnés pour prise d'EPO. De toute manière, il semble indéniable que la législation concernant l'EPO devra changer. Les contre-expertises ne suffiront plus. Des tests devront faire la différence entre EPO endogène (produite naturellement) et exogène (injectée). Et ce n'est pas si simple que cela. La preuve par Rutger Beke...
Sources : Guy Lassoie
© Les Sports 2005